Selected scientific Publications

Selected publications: Developmental toxicology and endocrine disruption

Recent Publications

Lichtensteiger, W., Bassetti-Gaille, C., Rehrauer, H., Kühn Georgijevic, J, Tresguerres, J.A.F., Schlumpf, M. (2021). Converging effects of three different endocrine disrupters on Sox and Pou gene expression in developing rat hippocampus: Possible role of microRNA in sex differences. Frontiers in Genetics 12, Article 718796: 1-17. ; doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.718796.

Novel testing strategies for endocrine disruptors linked to developmental neurotoxicity

Lupu D., Andersson, P., Bornehag, C.-G., Demeneix, B., Fritsche, E.,Gennings, C., Lichtensteiger, W., Leist, M., Leonards, P.E.G., Ponsonby, A.-L., Scholze, M., Testa, G., Tresguerres, J.A.F., Westerink, R.H.S., Zalc, B., Rüegg, J. (2020). The ENDpoiNTs project: Novel testing strategies for endocrine disruptors linked to developmental neurotoxicity. Intern. J. Mol. Sci. 21: 3978 (2020); doi:10.3390/ijms21113978

Reviews on the subject (see also Books)

Bal-Price, A., et al. (2015). International STakeholder NETwork (ISTNET): creating a developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing road map for regulatory purposes. Arch. Toxicol. 89: 269-287.

Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2012). Endokrin aktive Umweltchemikalien. Genomische und epigenetische Wirkungen auf Reproduktion, Entwicklung, Energiestoffwechsel und Gehirn. Umwelt – Medizin – Gesellschaft 25: 75-84.

Krause, M., Klit, A., Blomberg-Jensen, M., Søeborg, T., Frederiksen, H., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Skakkebaek, N.E., Drzewiecki, K.T. (2012). Sunscreens: are they beneficial for health? An overview of endocrine disrupting properties of UV-filters Int. J. Androl. 35: 424-436.

Schlumpf, M., Reichrath, J., Lehmann, B., Sigmundsdottir, H., Feldmeyer, L., Hofbauer, G.F.L., Lichtensteiger, W. (2010). Fundamental questions to sun protection. A continuous education symposium at the University of Zurich on: Vitamin D, immune system and sun protection. Dermato-Endocrinology 2: 19-25.

Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2009). Endocrine-active ultraviolet filters and cosmetics. In: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Food, Ian Shaw, Ed., Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, UK, pp. 519-540.

Schlumpf, M., Kypke, K., Vökt, C.C., Birchler, M., Durrer, S., Faass, O, Ehnes, C., Fuetsch, M., Gaille, C., Henseler, M., Hofkamp, L., Maerkel, K., Reolon, S., Zenker, A., Timms, B., Tresguerres, J.A.F., Lichtensteiger, W. (2008). Endocrine active UV filters: Developmental toxicity and exposure through breast milk. Chimia: 62: 345-351.

Schlumpf, M., Durrer, S., Faass, O., Ehnes, C., Fuetsch, M., Gaille, C., Henseler, M., Hofkamp, L., Maerkel, K., Reolon, S., Timms, B., Tresguerres, J.A.F., Lichtensteiger, W. (2008). UV Filters: Developmental toxicity of UV filters and environmental exposure. A review. Int. J. Androl. 31: 144-151.

Schlumpf, M., Schmid, P., Durrer, S., Conscience, M., Maerkel, K., Henseler, M., Gruetter, M., Herzog, I., Reolon, S., Ceccatelli, R., Faass, O., Stutz, E., Lichtensteiger, W. (2004). Endocrine activity and developmental toxicity of cosmetic UV filters - an update. Toxicology 205: 113-122.

Lichtensteiger, W. (1998). Developmental Neuropharmacology. In: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, Second Edition, R.A. Polin and W.W. Fox, Eds., Vol. 1, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp. 226-239.

Schlumpf, M., Parmar, R., Bütikofer, E.E., Inderbitzin, S., Salili, A.R., Schreiber, A.A., Ramseier, H.R., van Loveren, H., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1995). Delayed developmental neuro- and immunotoxicity of benzodiazepines. Arch. Toxicol., Suppl. 17: 261-287.

Lichtensteiger, W., and Schlumpf, M. (1993). Prenatal nicotine exposure: biochemical and neuroendocrine bases of behavioral dysfunction. Dev. Brain Dysfunct. 6: 279-304.

UV Filters in Human Milk and Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

Toichuev, R.M., Zhilova, L.V., Paizildaev, T.R., Khametova, M.S., Rakhmatillaev. A., Sakibaev, K.S., Madykova, Z. A., Toichueva, A.U., Schlumpf, M., Weber. R., Lichtensteiger, W. (2018). Organochlorine pesticides in placenta in Kyrgyzstan and the effect on pregnancy, childbirth and newborn health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25 (32): 31885-31894.

Vijgen, J., Weber, R., Lichtensteiger, W., Schlumpf, M. (2018). The legacy of pesticides and POPs stockpiles — a threat to health and the environment. Environ. Sci. and Pollution Res. 25: 31793–31798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3188-3

Schlumpf, M., Kypke, K., Wittassek, M., Angerer, J., Mascher, H., Mascher, D., Vökt, C., Birchler, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2010). Exposure patterns of UV filters, fragrances, parabens, phthalates, organochlor pesticides, PBDEs, and PCBs in human milk. Correlation of UV filters with use of cosmetics. Chemosphere 81: 1171-1183..

Epidemiological studies on environmental chemicals

Nicolescu, R., Petcu, C., Cordeanu, A., Fabritius, K., Schlumpf, M., Krebs, R., Krämer, U., Winneke, G. (2010). Enviromental exposure to lead, but not other neurotoxic metals, relates to core elements of ADHD in Romanian children: Performance and questionnaire data. Environmental Res. 110: 476-483.

Developmental toxicology of endocrine disruptors: UV filters, fragrances, flame retardants, and endocrine disrupter mixtures

Lichtensteiger, W., Bassetti-Gaille, C., Faass, O., Axelstad, M., Boberg, J., Christiansen, S., Rehrauer, H., Kühn Georgijevic, J., Hass, U., Kortenkamp, A., Schlumpf, M. (2015). Differential gene expression patterns in developing sexually dimorphic rat brain regions exposed to anti-androgenic, estrogenic, or complex endocrine disruptor mixtures: Glutamatergic synapses as target. Endocrinology 156: 1477-1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1504

Faass, O., Ceccatelli, R., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2013). Developmental effects of perinatal exposure to PBDE and PCB on gene expression in sexually dimorphic rat brain regions and female sexual behavior. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 188: 232-241.

Christiansen, S., Kortenkamp, A., Axelstad, M., Boberg, J., Scholze, M., Jacobsen, P.R., Faust, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Schlumpf, M., Burdof, A., Hass, U. (2012). Mixtures of endocrine disrupting contaminants modelled on human high end exposures: an exploratory study in rats. Int. J. Androl. 35: 303-316.

Faass, O., Schlumpf, M., Reolon, S., Henseler, M., Maerkel, K., Durrer, S., Lichtensteiger, W. (2009). Female sexual behavior, estrous cycle and gene expression in sexually dimorphic brain regions after pre- and postnatal exposure to endocrine active UV filters. NeuroToxicology 30: 249-260.

Hofkamp, L., Bradley, S., Tresguerres, J.A., Lichtensteiger, W., Schlumpf, M., Timms, B. (2008). Region-specific growth effects in the developing rat prostate following fetal exposure to estrogenic UV filters. Environ. Health Perspect. 116: 867-872.

Durrer, S., Ehnes, C., Fuetsch, M., Maerkel, K., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2007). Estrogen sensitivity of target genes and expression of nuclear receptor coregulators in rat prostate lobes following pre- and postnatal exposure to the UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Environ Health Perspect. 115, Suppl. 1: 42-50.

Maerkel, K., Durrer, S., Henseler, M., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2007). Sexually dimorphic gene regulation in brain as a target for endocrine disrupters: Developmental exposure of rats to 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 218: 152-165

Ceccatelli, R., Faass, O., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2006). Gene expression and estrogen sensitivity in rat uterus after developmental exposure to the polybrominated diphenylether PBDE 99 and PCB. Toxicology 220: 104-116

Durrer, S., Maerkel, K., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2005). Estrogen target gene regulation and coactivator expression in rat uterus after developmental exposure to the UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Endocrinology 146: 2130-2139.

Maerkel, K., Lichtensteiger, W., Durrer, S., Conscience, M., Schlumpf, M. (2005). Sex- and region-specific alterations of progesterone receptor mRNA levels and estrogen sensitivity in rat brain following developmental exposure to the estrogenic UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 19: 761-765.

Schlumpf, M., Jarry, H., Wuttke, W., Ma, R., and Lichtensteiger, W. (2004). Estrogenic activity and estrogen receptor beta binding of the UV filter 3-benzylidene camphor. Comparison with 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Toxicology 199: 109-120.

Körner W., Vinggaard A.M., Térouanne B., Ma R., Wieloch D., Schlumpf M., Sultan C., and Soto A.M. (2004). Interlaboratory comparison of four in vitro assays for assessing androgenic and antiandrogenic activity of environmental chemicals. Environ. Health Perspect. 112: 695-702.

Lichtensteiger, W., Ceccatelli, R., Faass, O., Ma, R., Schlumpf, M. (2003). Effect of polybrominated diphenylether and PCB on the development of the brain-gonadal axis and gene expression in rats. In: Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 61, G. Hunt and R. Clement, Eds., RPJ Associates, Natick (MA), USA (Dioxin 2003, Boston, USA), pp. 84-87.

Ma, R., Cotton, B., Lichtensteiger, W., Schlumpf, M. (2003). UV filters with antagonistic action at androgen receptors in the MDA-kb2 cell transcriptional-activation assay. Toxicol. Sci. 74: 43-50.

Schlumpf, M., Cotton, B., Conscience, M., Haller, V., Steinmann, B., Lichtensteiger, W (2001). In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ. Health Perspect. 109: 239-244.

Schlumpf, M., Berger, L., Cotton, B., Conscience-Egli, M., Durrer, S., Fleischmann, I., Haller, V., Maerkel, K., Lichtensteiger, W. (2001). Estrogen active UV screens. SÖFW-Journal 127: 10-15.

Suter-Eichenberger, R., Boelsterli, U.A., Conscience-Egli, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Schlumpf, M. (2000). CYP450 enzyme induction by chronic oral musk xylene in adult and developing rats. Toxicol. Lett. 115: 73-87.

Hany, J., Lilienthal, H., Sarasin, A., Roth-Härer, A., Fastabend, A., Dunemann, L., Lichtensteiger, W., Winneke, G. (1999). Developmental exposure of rats to a reconstituted PCB mixture or aroclor 1254: Effects on organ weights, aromatase activity, sex hormone levels, and sweet preference behavior. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 158: 231-243.

Suter-Eichenberger, R., Altdorfer, H., Lichtensteiger, W., and Schlumpf, M. (1998). Bioaccumulation of musk xylene (MX) in developing and adult rats of both sexes. Chemosphere 36: 2747-2762.

Widmer, H.R., Vedder, H., Schlumpf, M., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1992). Concurrent changes in regional cholinergic parameters and nest odor preference in the early postnatal rat after lead exposure. NeuroToxicology 13: 615-624.

Widmer, H.R., Bütikofer, E.E., Schlumpf, M., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1991) Pre- and postnatal lead exposure affects the serotonergic system in the immature rat brain. Experientia 47: 463-466.

Physiology and toxicology of developing neuroendocrine systems: sexual brain differentiation and nicotine

Sarasin, A., Schlumpf, M., Müller, M., Fleischmann, I., Lauber, M.E., Lichtensteiger, W (2003). Adrenal-mediated rather than direct effects of nicotine as a basis of altered sex steroid synthesis in fetal and neonatal rat. Reprod. Toxicol. 17: 153-162.

Bürgi, B., Lichtensteiger, W., Schlumpf, M. (2000). Diazepam binding inhibitor/acyl-CoA binding protein mRNA and peripheral benzodiazepine receptor mRNA in endocrine and immune tissues after prenatal diazepam exposure of male and female rats. J. Endocrinol. 166: 163-171

Bürgi, B., Lichtensteiger, W., Lauber, M.E., and Schlumpf, M. (1999). Ontogeny of diazepam binding inhibitor/acyl-CoA binding protein mRNA and peripheral benzodiazepine receptor mRNA expression in the rat. J. Neuroendocrinol. 11: 85-100.

Hany, J., et al. (1999), see above

Lauber, M.E., Sarasin, A., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1997). Transient sex differences of aromatase (CYP19) mRNA expression in the developing rat brain. Neuroendocrinology 66: 173-180.

Lauber, M.E., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1996). Ontogeny of 5alpha-reductase (type 1) messenger ribonucleic acid expression in rat brain; early presence in germinal zones. Endocrinology 137: 2718-2730.

Lauber, M.E., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1994). Pre- and postnatal ontogeny of aromatase cytochrome P450 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the male rat brain studied by in situ hybridization. Endocrinology 135: 1661-1668.

Naeff, B., Schlumpf, M., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1992). Pre- and postnatal development of high-affinity [3H]nicotine binding sites in rat brain regions: an autoradiographic study. Dev. Brain Res. 68: 163-174.

Von Ziegler, N.I., Schlumpf, M., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1991) Prenatal nicotine exposure selectively affects perinatal forebrain aromatase activity and fetal adrenal function in male rats. Devl. Brain Res. 62: 23-31.

Von Ziegler, N.I., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1992). Asymmetry of aromatase activity: region- and sex-specific developmental patterns. Neuroendocrinology 55: 512-518.

Developmental effects of neuropeptides: melanocortins

Kistler-Heer, V., Schlumpf, M., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1998). Melanocortin and MCH precursor-derived NEI effects on striatum-midbrain co-cultures. Peptides 19: 1317-1327.

Kistler-Heer, V., Lauber, M.E., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1998). Different developmental patterns of melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptor mRNA: Predominance of MC4 in fetal rat nervous system. J. Neuroendocrinol. 10: 133-146.

Lichtensteiger, W., Hanimann, B., Siegrist, W., and Eberle, A.N. (1996). Region- and stage-specific patterns of melanocortin receptor ontogeny in rat central nervous system, cranial nerve ganglia and sympathetic ganglia. Devl. Brain Res. 91: 93-110.

Toxicology of the developing immune system

Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W., and van Loveren, H. (1994). Impaired host resistance to Trichinella spiralis as a consequence of prenatal treatment of rats with diazepam. Toxicology 94: 223-230.

Bütikofer, E.E., Lichtensteiger, W., and Schlumpf, M. (1993). Prenatal exposure to diazepam causes sex-dependent changes of the sympathetic control of rat spleen. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 15: 377-382.

Schlumpf, M., Parmar, R., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1993). Prenatal diazepam induced persisting downregulation of peripheral (omega3) benzodiazepine receptors on rat splenic macrophages. Life Sci. 52: 927-934.

Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W., and Ramseier, H. (1993). Diazepam treatment of pregnant rats differentially affects interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 secretion in their offspring during different phases of postnatal development. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 73: 335-340.

Schreiber, A.A., Frei, K., Lichtensteiger, W., and Schlumpf, M. (1993). The effect of prenatal diazepam exposure on TNF-alpha production by rat splenocytes in prenatally diazepam-exposed offspring. Agents Actions 38: 265-272.

Schreiber, A.A., Frei, K., Lichtensteiger, W., and Schlumpf, M. (1993). Alterations in interleukin-6 production by LPS- and Con A-stimulated mixed splenocytes, spleen macrophages and lymphocytes in prenatally diazepam-exposed rats. Agents Actions 39: 166-173.

Ramseier, H., Lichtensteiger, W., and Schlumpf, M. (1993). In vitro inhibition of cellular immune responses by benzodiazepines and PK 11195. Effects on mitogen- and alloantigen-driven lymphocyte proliferation and on IL-1, IL-2 synthesis and IL-2 receptor expression. Immunopharm. Immunotox. 15: 557-582.

Ramseier, H., Lichtensteiger, W., Schweidler, R., and Schlumpf, M. (1993). Release of IL-1 and IL-2 and expression of IL-2 receptors as a function of postnatal age and sex. Eur. Cytokine Netw. 4: 453-459.

Schlumpf, M., Parmar, R., Schreiber, A., Ramseier, H.R., Bütikofer, E., Abriel, H., Barth, M., Rhyner, T., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1992). Nervous and immune systems as targets for developmental effects of benzodiazepines. A review of recent studies. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 18: 145-158.

Schlumpf, M., Parmar, R., Ramseier, H.R., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1990) Prenatal diazepam induced immunosuppression: possible involvement of peripheral benzodiazepine site. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 15: 178-185.

Additional publications in related fields

Inderbitzin, S., Lauber, M.E., Schlumpf, M., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1997). Amphetamine-induced preprodynorphin mRNA expression and k-opioid receptor binding in basal ganglia of adult rats after prenatal exposure to diazepam. Dev. Brain Res. 89: 114-124.

Böni, R., Lichtensteiger, W., Steinert, H.C., Böni, R.A., Früh, H., Dummer, R., Hartmann, D.G., Laine, E., and Burg, G. (1997). D1 dopamine receptors are not expressed in human melanoma. Melanoma Res. 7: 117-119.

Flühmann, B., Lauber, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Fischer, J.A., and Born, W. (1997). Tissue-specific mRNA expression of a calcitonin receptor-like receptor during fetal and postnatal development. Brain Res. 774: 184-192.

Eggenberger, M., Flühmann, B., Muff, R., Lauber, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Hunziker, W., Fischer, J.A., and Born, W. (1996). Structure of a parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor of the human cerebellum and functional expression in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Mol. Brain Res. 36: 127-136.

Van Eden, C.G., Parmar, R., Lichtensteiger, W., and Schlumpf, M. (1995). Laminar distribution of GABAA-receptor alpha1-, beta2-, and gamma2-subunit mRNAs in the granular and agranular frontal cortex of the rat during pre- and postnatal development. Cerebral Cortex 3: 234-246.

Beer, H.-F., Lin, S., Bläuenstein, P., Hasler, P., Schubiger, P.A., Maier, A., Lichtensteiger, W., Oettli, R., Bekier, A., and Weder, B. (1993). In vitro and in vivo testing of the dopamine D1 ligand [123I]SCH 23982 with respect to its potential application in SPET investigations. Nucl. Med. Biol. 20: 607-616.

Schlumpf, M., Palacios, J.M., Cortes, R., and Lichtensteiger, W. (1991) Regional development of muscarinic cholinergic binding sites in the prenatal rat brain. Neuroscience 45: 347-357.

Book series on environmental toxicology

Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. und Frei, H., Eds. (2003). Kosmetika. Wirkungen und Umweltverhalten von synthetischen Parfümstoffen und UV Filtern. Verlag Kind und Umwelt, Zürich, 169 pp.

Schlumpf, M., und Lichtensteiger, W., Eds. (2000). Hormonaktive Chemikalien. Verlag Hans Huber, Bern, 335 pp.

Schlumpf, M., und Lichtensteiger, W., Eds. (1996). Sinkt die Fertilität ? Verlag Kind und Umwelt, Zürich, 265 pp.

Schlumpf, M. und Lichtensteiger, W., Eds. (1994). Schadstoffe heute. Im Boden, in Vögeln, in Fischen, in Säugern, im Menschen. Verlag Kind und Umwelt, Zürich, 204 pp.

Schlumpf, M. und Lichtensteiger, W., Eds. (1993) Humanmilch. Daten zur Belastung mit PCB, Dioxinen, Pestiziden und Moschus-Xylol. Verlag Kind und Umwelt, Zürich, 180 pp.

Schlumpf, M. und Lichtensteiger, W., Eds. (1992) Ozon. Biologische und epidemiologische Daten zu Luftschadstoffen. Verlag Kind und Umwelt, Zürich, 99 pp, out of print.

Doctoral theses

Faass, O. (2005). Developmental toxicity of polybrominated diphenylethers and PCB: Estrogen-regulate gene expression in sexually dimorphic rat brain regions and female sexual behavior. PhD (Dr. sc. nat.), Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Zürich.

Ceccatelli, R. (2004). Effect of polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) and PCB on the development of reproductive organs and estrogen-regulated gene expression in the rat. PhD (Dr. sc. nat.), Factulty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Zurich.

Durrer, S. (2004). Developmental toxicity of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor and different endocrine active chemicals: Steroid hormone-regulated gene expression in reproductive organs of rats. PhD (Dr. sc. nat.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Diss. ETH No. 15544)

Märkel, K.I. (2004). Developmental effects of the UV-filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor on estrogen-regulated gene expression in sexually dimorphic rat brain regions. PhD (Dr. sc. nat.), Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Zürich.

Salili, A.R. (2003). Pre- and postnatal levels of mRNA encoding for alpha1, alpha5, beta2 and gamma2 subunits of GABAA receptors in the rat CNS after prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines. PhD (Dr. sc. nat.) Thesis ETH No. 14715, Eidg. Technische Hochschule Zürich.

Ma, Risheng (2002). Analysis of androgen receptor agonists and antagonists using MCF7-AR1 and MDA-MB-453-KB2 cells. Thesis (Dr. med.), Medical Faculty, University of Zürich.

Kuster, S.P. (2002). Effects of prenatal exposure to low doses of diethylstilbestrol in Long Evans rats. Thesis (Dr. med.), Medical Faculty, University of Zürich

Steinmann, B.M. (2002). Östrogene Aktivität von UV-Schutzfiltern in Ratten bei subkutaner Applikation. Thesis (Dr. med.), Medical Faculty, University of Zürich.

Suter-Eichenberger, R. (1999). Musk xylene (MX): Bioaccumulation, enzyme induction and developmental toxicity. PhD (Dr. sc. nat.), Thesis ETH No. 13183, Eidg. Technische Hochschule, Zürich.

Sarasin, A.B. (1999). Interaction of nicotine and cotinine with fetal and neonatal brain aromatase in vitro and in vivo. PhD (Dr. sc. nat.), Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Zürich.

Bürgi, B. (1999). Diazepam binding inhibitor/acyl CoA binding protein and peripheral benzodiazepine receptor mRNA expression: ontogeny and effect of prenatal diazepam exposure. PhD (Dr. sc. nat.), Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Zürich.

Kistler-Heer, V. (1998). Ontogeny of melanocortin receptor mRNA expression in rat nervous system and developmental effects of melanocortins in vitro. Thesis ETH No. 12511 (Dr. sc. nat. ETH), Eidg. Technische Hochschule, Zürich.

Dias, L. (1997). Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat brain after prenatal exposure to ethanol. Thesis (Dr. med.), Medical Faculty, University of Zürich.

Stolz, I.E. (1997). Pränatale und akute Diazepamexposition bei Ratten - Auswirkungen auf oxidativen Burst und Phagozytose. Thesis (Dr. med.), Medical Faculty, University of Zürich.

Inderbitzin, S. (1995). Effects prenatal benzodiazepine exposure on opioid systems of the male rat brain. Thesis ETH No. 11070 (Dr. sc. nat. ETH), Eidg. Technische Hochschule, Zürich.

Maier, A.L. (1994). Comparative regional ontogeny of dopamine D1 receptor binding and mRNA expression in pre- and postnatal rat brain. Thesis ETH No. 10902 (Dr. sc. nat. ETH), Eidg. Technische Hochschule, Zürich.

Schreiber, A.A. (1993). The effect of prenatal diazepam exposure on cytokine production by rat splenocytes. Thesis (Dr. phil. II), Philosophische Fakultät II, Universität Zürich, Zürich.

Naeff-Odermatt, B. (1991). Effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on the development of nicotinic cholinergic binding sites in rat brain regions. Thesis ETH No. 9371 (Dr. sc. nat. ETH), Eidg. Technische Hochschule, Zürich.

to be completed